 Growing bio-shield casuarinas using municipal sewage
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Posted On Saturday, September 05, 2009
Contributed by yudhistrakumar
Irrigation using Municipal sewage and treated effluent is a traditional practice around the world, and existed as early as 1868 in sewage farms in Paris and implemented since 1915 in Egypt. A survey of current wastewater reuse practices in developing countries carried out by the UNDP - United Nations Development Program and World Bank (1990) estimated that some 80% of the wastewater from urban areas is used for permanent or seasonal irrigation.
Land application of municipal raw sewage and treated effluent for
biomass-production has numerous benefits besides preventing pollution
of the receiving water bodies causing eutrophication and creating
aesthetic problems. This warranted adoption of eco-technological
wastewater management techniques where in the benefits of treatment can
be achieved as well as the ecological development can be promoted.
Conventional treatment technologies like trickling filters, activated
sludge processes etc. are energy consuming and cost-intensive and
beyond the reach of developing countries particularly the least
developing countries.
Field experiments were conducted to use Municipal sewage both untreated and treated, that pollutes the water bodies growing Casuarinas (Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. & Forst.), a bio-shield tree of late grown on sandy soil at Kalpakkam on the East Coast of Indian peninsula, which may not only help in preventing the high tides like Tsunami but also reduce aquatic pollution. Our research findings showed significant increase in growth performance in the plant-height, branches, root length and the biomass in the saplings irrigated with municipal raw sewage followed by that of treated sewage compared to the potable water over a period of one year. These growth traits showed close relationship with the nutrient contents of municipal raw sewage, treated sewage and potable water, the former being characterized by relatively higher nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, pH, electrical conductivity (μs/cm), total dissolved solids, total suspended solid, chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, bicarbonates, total alkalinity, and carbonates (mg/l) compared to that of the treated sewage and potable indicating profound influence of municipal sewage on the sapling growth.
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Growing bio-shield casuarinas using municipal sewage - Contributed by yudhistrakumar
Irrigation using Municipal sewage and treated effluent is a traditional practice around the world, and existed as early as 1868 in sewage farms in Paris and implemented since 1915 in Egypt. A survey of current wastewater reuse practices in developing countries carried out by the UNDP - United Nations Development Program and World Bank (1990) estimated that some 80% of the wastewater from urban areas is used for permanent or seasonal irrigation.
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